The three political parties were the national council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. Wogu1 corresponding author,muyiwa adeniyi sholarin2, fadeke e. In a democratic system of government, a political party is an organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government. The persistent and seemingly intractable deficits include. This was the first time in nigeria s political history. In nigeria, the history of political parties is as old as the history of the british imposition and colonization of the largest nation of the black people. Assault on the judiciary on june 21st 2005, amidst growing concern over the state of the nigerian judiciary, the chief justice of nigeria, muhammadu uwais, was accused in open court of accepting a bribe to pervert the course of justice in an appeal.
The history of political parties in nigeria began when the first political party in nigeria was established in 1959, the year before nigeria gained her independence from great britain. History of political parties in nigeria information. The democratic party is one of two major political parties in the united states, and is the oldest political party in the world. Multi party elections are held in ghana and a new civilian government is formed by. The peoples democratic party pdp is a major contemporary political party in nigeria. Since the division of the republican party in the election of 1912, it has positioned itself as progressive and supporting labor in economic as well as social matters. History and development of political parties in nigeria. A history of fifty years of independence public affairs.
In the nigerian case study, the reconfiguration, formation of political parties, distribution of human and material resources and even crises coups, civil war, and religious impasse are hinged on ethnoreligious politics. Firstpastthepost system and the nature of the party system affect mens and womens access to political life. Political parties mcmaster faculty of social sciences. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. The first political party in nigeria is the nigeria national democratic party nndp. The second republic collapsed largely due to the mismanagement of the economy, widespread corruption and massive electoral fraud witnessed during the 1983 general elections. Shola omotola, redeemers university, redemption city, mowe, ogun state, nigeria. Pdf political parties in nigerias emerging democracy. In this post,we shall history of democracy in nigeriaand also a bit of its origin. According to the body in charge of conducting election and registering political parties, independent national electoral commission, inec, nigeria has 18 dully registered political parties and operate a multi party system. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Nigerias parties have a history of formation, dissolution and reformation due to the many transitions in nigerias postindependence political history. Jan 10, 2016 political history of nigeria since independence 1960 till date introduction by the time nigeria gained its independence, it was entering a period of rapid social and economic change, and many people were quite optimistic about its future.
It is a phenomenon that had existed even during the british rule and dominance of the political reign of the niger area people. Though the history of the evolution of political parties in nigeria dates back to the. The scope of this study is strictly centered on the examination of the extent of development made by multi party system in nigeria political sphere. Are these heady days for nigerian political parties. Herbert macaulay, popularly referred to as father of nigerian nationalism. Nigeria s parties have a history of formation, dissolution and reformation due to the many transitions in nigeria s postindependence political history. An analysis grace malachi brown, phd department of history and diplomatic studies faculty of humanities rivers state university of education pmb 5047, rumuolumeni port harcourt, rivers state nigeria. The nigerian national democratic party nndp was nigerias first political party. Aside discussing the political parties in nigeria, this write up will equally discuss about the political history of nigeria. Nigeria became a federal republic, modelling its federal. Political parties originated in their modern form in europe and the united states in the 19th century, along with the electoral and parliamentary systems, whose development reflects the evolution of parties. Party defection and sustenance of nigerian democracy. Apr 16, 2020 history of political parties in nigeria. The history of political parties boundless political science.
He was declared the winner of the controversial nigerian general election of 2007, held on april 21, and was sworn in on may 29, 2007. From 19911993, nigeria practiced a twoparty system, with the government establishing the social democratic party sdp and national republican convention nrc. An appraisal of precipitating factors in nigeria olayiwola victor ojo m sc political science, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria abstract nigerias electoral politics from independence has been tumultuous. The all progressives congress apc is a political party in nigeria, formed on 6 february 20 in anticipation of the 2015 elections. The second republic collapsed largely due to the mismanagement of the economy, widespread.
Explaining this long history and the consolidation of the trend in nigerian political system, mbah 2011. The history of the formation of political party in nigeria dates back to. I have gone into some details about the political parties in nigeria. He served as governor of katsina state in northern nigeria between may 29, 1999 and may 28, 2007. On 1, october 1960, nigeria, after several years of british colonial rule, became an independent nation. Analytical study of political party systems in nigeria. Historical and political evolution of nigeria from 1900present day 1. Ethnic and religious clashes have continued in africas most densely populated nation. Pdf nigerian parties and political ideology researchgate. The ncnc was controlled by the igbos, the tribe dominating the eastern region. Other important factors contributing to the risks of electoral violence have evolved since 2015, including changing forms of insecurity and the prominence of disputes within, rather than between, the political parties. Pdf political parties, ideology and the nigerian state adeleke. It is argued that despite all pretences to the contrary through their. Political ideology is an important vehicle of a political party.
Historical and political evolution of nigeria from 1900. Since nigeria became a democratic nation, positive changes are obvious. Politics history of nigeria political parties and the. The npc was controlled by the hausafulani from the. Nigeria is a nation of vast human and natural resource potential that has experienced. Chapter i history of political party finance in nigeria 4 chapter ii relationship between inec and political parties 12 chapter iii the role of the political parties monitoring unit in political party finances 16 chapter iv political party funding and finance the legal perspective 19. Godfatherism, kaduna mafia and democrazy political violence in nigeria is not a particular feature of civilian regimes. Politics history of nigeria political parties and the culture.
The first major political assassinations after independence came with the 1966 coup and the execution of prime minister balewa, along. Library of congress federal research division country profile. The first major political assassinations after independence came with the 1966 coup. In 1959, there were three political parties in the country and they include the following. Full list of registered political parties in nigeria 2020. A political party is to democracy just as fish is to water. The first set of political parties to be formed in nigeria was formed. However, internal processes of political parties, such as the personality of leaders and staff, the ideological foundations, party history, and internal political culture are considered to be even more influential on the internal functioning. The history of political party in nigeria can be situated within the context of the two party and multi party political system adejumobi, 2007, which can be traced to the development of nationalist consciousness, awareness and political movements agarah, 2004, that began in nigeria in the 1930s. History of political parties in nigeria since 1960. Political parties, citizen participation and voter. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. The military carefully planned the return to civil rule putting in place measures to ensure that political parties have broader support than witnessed during the first republic. Parties have frequently mobilized supporters based on ethnoregional, religious, and personality politics, while.
Political party, a group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power. Pdf are these heady days for nigerian political parties. Section 2 attempts to define political parties and to indicate their significance for liberal democracy. Section 3 offers a sketch of the historical sociology of the. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria, by maj fredrick c. It won every presidential election between 1999 and 2011, and was until the 2015 elections, the governing party in the fourth republic although in some cases, amid a few controversial electoral circumstances. This newly formed country would go on to become a republic three years down the line on 1, october, 1963. The political and governmental history of nigeria nigerian.
It makes use of much hitherto unconsulted or unavailable british and gambian official and private documentary sources, as well as interviews with many gambian politicians and former. Jan 16, 2018 political party manifestoes in nigeria, uk and u. In many cases, this socalled political parties since 1999 have become a major part of nigeria problem bamgbose. Thus providing nigeria with a cheqeured history with political transitions from civilian to military. And there is no political party without one or two manifestoes during their electioneering campaign, nigerian parties seem to be.
The npc was controlled by the hausafulani from the north. The history of nigeria political parties and the politics of carpet crossing have always walked side by side. A political history of the gambia, 18161994 on jstor. As a matter of fact, it is almost impossible to talk about the history of nigeria. The successor political party to the defunct ag, unity party of nigeria upn served as the main opposition party in the second republic. Its policies generally lie towards the centreright of the political spectrum. An overview of party formation in nigeria, 19601999 codesria. Incumbent president goodluck jonathan conceded defeat on 31 march. Emphatically, experience has shown that in developing democracies like nigeria, most members of a political party do not know the content and cardinal principles of the party. But when we come to consider the analysis of the nature of the party, we find that the field has hardly. The major problem of multiparty system is that most political parties in nigeria are still in search of role, hence since 1999, the role of political parties is still fluid. Historical development of political parties in nigeria.
National democratic party political party, nigeria britannica. Parties have frequently mobilized supporters based on ethnoregional. The federal republic of nigeria, a western african federation, which consists of 36 sovereign states and 1 federal territory is operated entirely by the federal government. Introduction nigeria and nigerians have been caught in the frenzy of centenary celebration. He is a member of the ruling peoples democratic party pdp. Apc candidate muhammadu buhari won the presidential election by almost 2. The history of nigeria s party politics since the coming into force of the 1979 constitution, and even before it, shows strong deficits in the practice of competitive party and electoral politics. Oct 08, 2012 historical and political evolution of nigeria from 1900present day 1. History of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. Works have been written upon the history of almost every political party in the western world. Political parties in nigeria are institutions set up for healthy competition among those vying for particular government offices in the land and there is a need to know and understand how nigerian politics and political parties have evolved by looking into the history of political parties in nigeria. Elections in nigeria dates as far back as 1959 in the first republic of the nigeria, in the general election of 1959 to determine which parties would rule in the immediate postcolonial period, the major ones won a majority of seats in their regions, but none emerged powerful enough to constitute a. History of political parties in nigeria will never be complete if mention is not made of the various political bigwigs in the history of this country.
Hence, this informative research paper examines critically the origin and proliferation of political parties in nigeria from 1923 to 2018, studying closely the first. The first set of political parties to be formed in nigeria was formed in 1959, shortly before nigeria gained her independence from britain. Party politics in nigeria is still virtually an exclusive affair of men as only very few women were elected into offices of political parties. Pdf analytical study of political party systems in nigeria. This post is about the governmental and political history of nigeria. From 1922 that nigerian started experimenting with representative and political party democracy, through the rest of the colonial era, first republic, second republic, third republic up till the present fourth republic, political party defection has. In obafemi awolowo founded a political party, the action group, with some of the egbes members as its nucleus, and in the process became the party s first president. It was formed in 1923 and under the leadership of sir. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident.
Historical and political evolution of nigeria from 1900present daythat nigeria is beneath siege from all sides, not by a international power but by theirpersonal residence grown terrorists is no lengthier a make a difference nigeria news fordebate, but a deadly and sober truth, that even the most ardent patriots have occur. When party politics was introduced in nigeria in 1922 via the clifford. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Elections for these offices were held in 1959 and three political parties participated in it. Political party development in nigeria project topics. His blatantly rigged election in 1965 was undoubtedly an immediate cause of the january 1966 coup in which he was slain. It also focuses attention on party system the history of political party in nigeria and political party affiliations. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Party system and nigeria political development projectclue. Consolidation in nigeria s fourth republic mike omilusi, phd department of political science ekiti state university, nigeria abstract democratic values and practices are crucial for democratic institutionalization and the development of party strength. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 2, fall 2012 political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. On october 1, 1979, shehu shagari was sworn in as the first president and commanderinchief of the federal republic of nigeria. Political activities inec lga offices the independent national electoral commission inec was established by the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of nigeria to among other things organize elections into various political offices in the country.
Political parties and democratic consolidation in nigerias fourth republic akubo, a. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states. History of democracy in nigeria and when did nigeria became a. Before we will tell you the story of the first political party in nigeria, lets clarify the main issues with nigerian politics. Changes are very important for political, economic, and social development. This process leads to many republics in the country emerging and disappearing constantly. These political parties were the national council of nigeria and cameroons ncnc, the northern peoples congress npc and the action group ag. However, a number of them defected to national party of nigeria npn, which was the leading political party.
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